Using an Acoustically Derived Surface Metric to Approximate Fluid Distribution Uniformity During Stimulation

Evaluating cluster performance and fluid distribution uniformity during hydraulic fracturing is typically achieved using costly and operationally intensive permanent cemented fiber optics. To provide a scalable alternative, a novel methodology utilizes high-frequency surface pressure transducers to capture acoustic water hammer signals induced by rapid rate drops. By analyzing these signals, perforation efficiency and an acoustically derived Uniformity Index (UI) can be calculated in real time. Comparing this acoustic method against traditional fiber optic measurements across 50 stages in three Middle Bakken wells demonstrated a strong correlation. Ultimately, this non-invasive approach enables the real-time identification of stage underperformance—such as screen-outs or plug failures—allowing for immediate, on-the-fly treatment optimization.